By Pete Williams, NBC News Justice Correspondent
Three members of the U.S. Supreme Court today expressed concern about the growing use during death penalty trials of elaborate victim impact statements and video presentations.
Just 20 years ago, the Supreme Court set a strict limit in death penalty cases against any evidence that "described the personal characteristics of the victims and the emotional impact of the crimes on the family." The reason the court gave at the time was that because death is an irreversible penalty, a jury's verdict must be based strictly on reason and not emotion.
But just a few years later, bowing to the growing victims' rights movement, the court reversed itself and said testimony from a victim's mother helped inform the jury about the harm caused by the crime.
'The videos added nothing relevant'
Monday, three members of the court - Justices John Paul Stevens, David Souter, and Stephen Breyer - said it's time to draw some limits. Their comments came in two cases from California in which juries were shown videos during the sentencing phase that used still pictures, music, narration, and motion video. Stevens said the videos were nothing more than appeals to emotion: "Their primary, if not sole, effect was to rouse jurors' sympathy for the victims and increase jurors' antipathy for the capital defendants. The videos added nothing relevant to the jury's deliberations and invited a verdict based on sentiment, rather than reasoned judgment."
Allowing powerfully emotional presentations, he said, "puts a heavy thumb on the prosecutor's side of the scale in death cases."
Their dissents came as the full Supreme Court Monday declined to take up these cases and instead allowed rulings by the California Supreme Court to stand. The state court found that the presentations did not cross a line into any call for vengeance and instead "just implied sadness."
In one of the cases, Douglas Kelly was convicted of murdering a 19-year-old woman, Sarah Weir. Prosecutors played a 20-minute video, narrated by her mother, with music playing in the background. It ended with a view of her grave marker.